Population decline refers to a decrease in the number of people living in a specific area over time. It occurs when the birth rate is lower than the death rate and/or when migration out of an area exceeds migration into it.
Related terms
Demographic Transition: The process of change in a society's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
Depopulation: The reduction in population size due to factors like low birth rates, high mortality rates, or significant outmigration.
Ageing Population: A demographic trend where the proportion of older people increases relative to younger ones. This often happens as a result of declining birth rates coupled with increased life expectancy.