Population Density: Population density refers to the number of people per unit area. It helps measure how crowded or sparse an area is by calculating the average number of individuals living in each square mile or kilometer.
Spatial Patterns: Spatial patterns refer to the specific ways in which people, objects, or phenomena are arranged within space. They help identify trends and understand why certain groups tend to cluster together.
Urbanization: Urbanization is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and urban areas rather than rural ones. It involves changes in social, economic, and environmental aspects as more people move towards urban centers.