Urbanization: Urbanization is the process by which an increasing proportion of the population lives in urban areas rather than rural areas.
Megacity: A megacity is an urban area with a population exceeding 10 million people. These cities face unique challenges due to their immense size and density.
Slum/Informal Settlements: Slums or informal settlements are unplanned residential areas characterized by inadequate housing, lack of basic services, and high levels of poverty. They often emerge in rapidly urbanizing regions as a result of migration and limited affordable housing options.