Spatial Disparities: Spatial disparities describe variations in economic well-being, social conditions, infrastructure quality, or development between different geographic areas within a region or country.
Core-Periphery Model: The core-periphery model is a concept that explains regional inequalities by identifying a core area with high development and wealth surrounded by peripheral regions with lower development and limited access to resources.
Gini Coefficient: The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality that quantifies the extent to which income distribution deviates from perfect equality. It ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (maximum inequality).