Territorial Disputes: Territorial disputes occur when two or more countries claim ownership over a specific territory and cannot reach an agreement. For example, disputes over islands or border regions can lead to shifting borders.
Annexation: Annexation refers to the process of one country incorporating another country's territory into its own. This can result in shifting borders if multiple countries are involved.
Decolonization: Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers. During decolonization, shifting borders often occur as new nations are formed and granted sovereignty.