Urbanization: The process of population growth and migration from rural areas to urban centers leading to the expansion of cities, infrastructure development, changes in lifestyle, and social dynamics.
Pollution: The introduction of harmful substances into the environment – air, water, or soil – by human activities such as industrial emissions or improper waste disposal. It can negatively impact human health, ecosystems, and wildlife.
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among nations through trade, communication technologies resulting in cultural diffusion but also environmental challenges such as resource depletion and uneven development.