Demographic Transition: The process in which a society transitions from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, often accompanied by shifts in population age distribution.
Urbanization: The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas due to factors such as migration and industrialization.
Dependency Ratio: The ratio that measures the number of dependents (typically children and elderly) compared to the working-age population. It helps understand the economic burden on those who are still working.