Population density: Population density refers to the number of individuals living within a specific unit of land area. It measures how crowded or sparsely populated an area is.
Overcrowding: Overcrowding occurs when there are more people residing in an area than it can effectively accommodate, leading to limited resources and increased competition for space.
Demographic patterns: Demographic patterns refer to the characteristics and trends related to population such as age, gender, race, and migration patterns that shape its distribution across different regions.