Land Use: Refers to how land is utilized within an area, such as residential, commercial, or industrial. Different land uses can contribute differently to the urban heat island effect.
Albedo: Albedo refers to the reflectivity of a surface. Surfaces with high albedo reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat, reducing the urban heat island effect.
Urbanization: Urbanization is the process by which an area becomes more urbanized or developed with increased population density and infrastructure. Urbanization intensifies the urban heat island effect due to increased construction and human activities in cities.