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人口減少 refers to a decrease in the population of a specific area or country over time. It means that there are fewer people living in that place compared to before.
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少子化 (しょうしか): This term refers to the declining birth rate, which is one of the main causes of 人口減少.
高齢化 (こうれいか): This term describes the aging population, another factor contributing to 人口減少.
移民 (いみん): Immigration is often considered as a solution to counteract 人口減少 by increasing the number of people in a country or area.