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Arx is a Latin noun that means "citadel" or "fortress." It refers to a fortified structure built on high ground to provide protection and defense.
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Oppidum: Oppidum is another Latin noun that means "town" or "settlement." Unlike arx, it refers to an urban area with buildings and infrastructure.
Munimentum: Munimentum translates to "defense" or "fortification." It can refer to any defensive structure, including walls, towers, or fortresses.
Castellum: Castellum means "small castle" in Latin. Similar to arx but smaller in scale, it often served as a defensive outpost or watchtower.