Theme: The theme of a literary work is its underlying message or main idea. It often encompasses broader concepts like love, justice, or power.
Characterization: Characterization involves the techniques used by an author to create and develop characters. It includes direct descriptions, actions, dialogue, and thoughts that reveal their personalities.
Moral ambiguity: Moral ambiguity refers to situations or characters within a literary work whose ethical values are unclear or contradictory. It adds complexity and depth to the storytelling process.