Aggregate Demand (AD): Aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services in an economy at a given price level over a specific period. It consists of consumer spending, investment by businesses, government spending, and net exports.
Productivity: Productivity measures how efficiently inputs such as labor or capital are used in producing goods or services. Higher productivity levels usually lead to increased economic activity as more can be produced with limited resources.
Consumer Confidence: Consumer confidence reflects how optimistic consumers feel about current and future economic conditions. High consumer confidence encourages increased spending which stimulates economic activity while low consumer confidence may lead to decreased spending.