Deflation: Deflation is the opposite of inflation; it refers to a decrease in overall prices over time. It can occur during economic downturns or when there is insufficient demand.
Consumer Price Index (CPI): CPI is a measure that tracks changes in the cost of living by monitoring price changes for a basket of common goods and services purchased by households.
Hyperinflation: Hyperinflation refers to an extremely high and typically accelerating rate of inflation, often leading to severe economic instability.