Opportunity cost: The value of the next best alternative that is foregone when making a decision. For example, if a farmer decides to use their land for growing corn instead of soybeans, the opportunity cost is the potential profit from growing soybeans.
Input prices: The prices paid for resources used in production. Examples include wages for workers or prices for raw materials like steel or oil.
Production costs: The total expenses incurred in producing goods or services. It includes both fixed costs (e.g., rent) and variable costs (e.g., labor).