Voltage (V): Voltage is an electrical potential difference that drives current flow in a circuit. It can be thought of as the "push" or driving force behind electron movement.
Electric Field: An electric field exists around charged particles and causes other charged particles within its influence to experience forces. This field plays an essential role in establishing currents.
Kirchhoff's Laws: These laws describe how currents and voltages behave in complex circuits by applying conservation principles for charge and energy. They help analyze circuits with multiple components connected together.