Unconditioned Stimulus: This is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning needed. For example, food can be an unconditioned stimulus if it leads to salivation.
Conditioned Response: This is a learned reaction or behavior caused by a conditioned stimulus. For instance, if every time you hear your alarm clock (a conditioned stimulus), you feel stressed (a conditioned response).
Operant Conditioning: A type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Positive reinforcement encourages certain behaviors with rewards while negative reinforcement discourages them with punishments.