Axon: A long, slender projection of a neural cell that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.
Myelin Sheath: A fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axons of some neurons, allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals.
Action Potential: An electric signal generated by a neuron when it receives enough stimulation. It travels along the axon and triggers neurotransmitter release at the synapse.