Synaptic Transmission: Synaptic transmission refers to the process by which information is transmitted from one neuron to another across a synapse. It involves chemical signals called neurotransmitters that influence whether or not an action potential will be generated in the receiving neuron.
Excitatory Neurotransmitters: Excitatory neurotransmitters are chemicals released by neurons that increase the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron, thus increasing neural firing rates.
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters: Inhibitory neurotransmitters are chemicals released by neurons that decrease the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron, thus decreasing neural firing rates.