Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): This technique measures changes in blood flow within the brain, allowing researchers to identify which areas are active during specific tasks or emotions.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: PET scans involve injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream, which highlights areas of increased neural activity when an individual is experiencing certain emotions or performing specific cognitive tasks.
Electroencephalogram (EEG): EEG measures electrical activity generated by neurons in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. It provides information about overall patterns of brain activity and is often used in sleep research or to study abnormal brain waves associated with neurological disorders.