Learned Helplessness: This term describes when an individual learns that their actions have no effect on outcomes, leading to a sense of helplessness and passivity.
External Locus of Control: Refers to the belief that external forces or luck determine events in one's life rather than personal effort or abilities.
Attribution Theory: This theory explores how individuals explain causes for events and outcomes, including whether they attribute them to internal factors (such as personal abilities) or external factors (such as luck or circumstances).