Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): This technique uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in specific regions of the brain.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): DBS involves surgically implanting electrodes into specific brain regions to deliver electrical stimulation, often used for treating movement disorders like Parkinson's disease.
Optogenetics: Optogenetics is a method that uses light-sensitive proteins to control neural activity. By genetically modifying neurons, researchers can use light pulses to stimulate or inhibit specific areas of the brain.