Industrial Revolution: A period during the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes occurred in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation. This revolution had a profound impact on social and economic conditions globally.
Nationalism: A strong sense of love, pride, and loyalty towards one's own nation or country. Nationalism grew significantly during the 19th century as people identified with their shared cultural heritage and sought independence from colonial powers.
Imperialism: The policy or practice of extending power or influence over other countries through colonization or economic dominance. In the late 19th century, European powers engaged in imperialistic endeavors by acquiring colonies around the world to expand their territories and resources.