The Chancellor of Germany is the head of government in Germany. In German politics, they are equivalent to what we would call a prime minister in other countries.
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Bundestag: The Bundestag is the federal assembly or lower house in Germany’s bicameral legislature; its members are elected every four years by popular vote under a mixed system combining direct representation with proportional representation.
Weimar Republic: This was an unofficial designation for the German state from 1918 to 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place.
Federal Republic of Germany: This is the official name for modern-day Germany, a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.