City-states refer to independent self-governing cities and their surrounding territories. These cities have their own governments, laws, and economies.
Related terms
Empires: Large political entities that conquer multiple city-states or regions under a single ruler.
Athens and Sparta: Famous Greek city-states known for their contrasting political systems and rivalry.
Italian Renaissance City-States: Independent urban centers in Italy during the 14th to 16th centuries that were hubs of art, culture, and commerce.