Resistance movements: Resistance movements refer to collective efforts made by colonized populations to challenge or oppose the dominance of colonial powers. They could take various forms such as armed rebellions or nonviolent protests.
Economic exploitation: Economic exploitation occurs when colonizing powers extract resources from colonized territories for their own benefit without providing adequate compensation or investment for local development.
Decolonization: Decolonization is the process where colonies gain independence from imperial rule, either through negotiated agreements, armed struggles, or international pressure. It involves establishing self-governance and reclaiming cultural identity after imperial control ends.