Columbian Exchange

Definition

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Africa, Asia and Europe) in the 15th and 16th centuries following Christopher Columbus's voyages.

Historical Context

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries. This exchange followed European explorer Christopher Columbus's voyages to the Americas in 1492. The term "Columbian" is derived from Columbus's name, acknowledging his role in facilitating these intercontinental exchanges.

Historical Significance

The Columbian Exchange drastically altered the agricultural landscapes of both hemispheres, leading to economic changes and population growth worldwide. It introduced new crops to Europe that became staples, such as potatoes and maize, while dramatically impacting indigenous American societies through disease and colonization. The exchange was a crucial pivot point towards globalization, reshaping diets, farming practices, cultures, and ecological systems on a global scale.

Related terms

Transatlantic Trade: This is trade across the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, Europe and the Americas. It includes but is not limited to part of what we call the Columbian Exchange.

Smallpox: A highly contagious disease brought over from Europe during the Columbian Exchange that decimated Native American populations who had no immunity against it.

Maize/Corn: One of many New World crops that were introduced to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange.