The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated and supported by Latin Church in the medieval period, with the stated goal of recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
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Pope Urban II: He was Pope from 1088 until his death in 1099 who is best known for initiating the First Crusade.
Saladin: A Muslim military leader who led Islamic forces during the Crusades. He recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.
Knights Templar: A Christian military order recognized in 1139 by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum of Pope Innocent II. They became a favored charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power during Middle Ages.