Indus Valley Civilization: An ancient civilization located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India that had a significant influence on South Asian cultural heritage.
Aryans: A group of Indo-European migrants who settled in northern India around 1500 BCE, bringing with them their own language, religion, and cultural practices.
Maurya Empire: An empire that existed from 322 BCE to 185 BCE in present-day India, known for its political unity under Emperor Ashoka and for spreading Buddhism throughout South Asia.