Columbian Exchange: The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, ideas, culture between Afro-Eurasian regions (Old World) and American continents (New World) following Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492.
Mercantilism: Mercantilism is an economic theory prevalent during the Age of Exploration, which focused on maximizing a nation's wealth through the accumulation of precious metals and a favorable balance of trade.
Global Trade Networks: Global trade networks emerged during this period as European nations established maritime routes connecting different regions around the world for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.