Extraterritoriality: A legal principle that allowed foreigners living in China during the 19th century to be subject to their own legal systems instead of Chinese laws. This was an example of foreign influence on China's legal system.
Spheres of Influence: Regions or territories where a particular foreign power has significant political, economic, or military control or influence. These spheres of influence often resulted from unequal treaties imposed on China.
Cultural Diffusion: The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, customs, and ideas from one society to another. Foreign influence can be seen through the process of cultural diffusion when aspects of one culture are adopted by another.