Decolonization: Decolonization is the process by which former colonies gain political independence from their colonizers through various means such as negotiations or armed struggles.
Neocolonialism: Neocolonialism refers to indirect forms of control exercised by former colonial powers over newly independent nations. This can include economic exploitation or maintaining influence through international organizations.
Resource extraction: Resource extraction is the process of removing natural resources, such as minerals or agricultural products, from a region. Former colonies often continue to face challenges related to resource extraction, including unequal distribution of wealth and environmental degradation.