Banking: Genoa played a crucial role in the development of modern banking practices during this time. Its banks were known for providing loans, managing investments, and facilitating international transactions.
Shipbuilding: Genoese shipbuilders were renowned for constructing sturdy ships that could withstand long sea voyages. Their shipbuilding expertise contributed to the city-state's maritime power.
Crusades: The Crusades were a series of religious military campaigns launched by European Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land. Genoese merchants participated actively in these wars, profiting from transporting crusaders and supplies to the Middle East.