Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid industrialization that started in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread throughout Europe and eventually other parts of the world. It transformed societies by introducing new manufacturing processes and technologies.
Globalization: The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, resulting in the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas on a global scale. It has had a profound impact on global economic patterns.
Cold War: A geopolitical tension that existed between the United States-led capitalist bloc (the West) and the Soviet Union-led communist bloc (the East) from 1947 to 1991. It influenced global economic patterns as countries aligned themselves with either side and engaged in proxy wars.