Industrial Revolution: The period of rapid industrialization during the 18th and 19th centuries that transformed societies from agrarian-based economies to industrialized ones. It was an important precursor to the global shifts witnessed in the 20th century.
Globalization: The process of increased interconnectedness among nations through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. It facilitated the global shift by promoting international cooperation and interdependence.
Neoliberalism: An economic ideology emphasizing free markets, privatization of industries, deregulation, and reduced government intervention. Neoliberal policies played a role in shaping the global shift toward interconnected economies.