Causation: Causation refers to the cause-and-effect relationship between different historical events or factors. It involves understanding how one event or factor influences another to shape the overall historical trajectory.
Continuity: Continuity refers to the persistence or continuation of certain aspects or patterns throughout history. It helps us understand how certain elements remain unchanged over time despite other changes that may occur.
Contingency: Contingency emphasizes that historical outcomes are not predetermined but rather influenced by various chance happenings or decisions made by individuals or groups. It highlights that alternative paths could have been taken if circumstances had been different.