Indentured laborers: Indentured laborers were individuals who migrated voluntarily or involuntarily under contract (indenture) to work for a specific period in exchange for passage, housing, and sometimes wages.
Diaspora: Diaspora refers to the dispersion of an ethnic or cultural group outside its original homeland. In this context, it represents the Indian communities established in different parts of the world due to migration.
Colonialism: Colonialism is the policy or practice by which a nation extends its control over other territories through colonization. It played a significant role in shaping patterns of Indian migration during the nineteenth century.