Colonialism: The practice of one nation extending its control over another region or people for economic exploitation. (e.g., European colonial powers establishing dominance over indigenous populations)
Caste System: A hierarchical social structure based on inherited social status, often associated with rigid divisions between different groups based on birth or occupation. (e.g., India's caste system)
Slavery: The institution where individuals are owned by others as property and forced to work without consent. Slavery played a significant role in shaping social hierarchies based on both class and race during this period.