Sakoku: Sakoku was a term used to describe Japan's closed-door policy during this time. It literally means "closed country."
Shogun: The shogun was the supreme military commander in feudal Japan who held ultimate power during the Edo period.
Dutch Learning: During Japan's isolation, they maintained limited contact with only a few countries like the Netherlands. Dutch learning refers to knowledge acquired through studying Dutch books and texts that were allowed into Japan during this period.