Nationalism: A strong sense of pride and loyalty towards one's own nation, often used as a justification for expansionist policies.
White Man's Burden: An ideological concept suggesting that it was the duty of Western powers to "civilize" and uplift non-Western societies through colonization.
Social Darwinism: A distorted interpretation of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection applied to human societies. It was used as a justification for imperial expansion based on the belief in the superiority of certain races or civilizations.