Black Nationalism: This is a type of political thought that seeks to promote, develop and maintain a black race identity for people of Black ancestry. It's similar to how some sports teams rally around their team colors or mascot.
Nation of Islam: An African American political and religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in July 1930 with the goal of improving the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States. It's like a club formed with specific goals to uplift its members.
Civil Rights Movement: A struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve Civil Rights equal to those of whites including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education as well as the right to vote. Imagine it as a long marathon where runners face numerous obstacles but keep pushing forward towards equality.