Imperialism: The policy of extending a country's power through colonization or economic domination. For example, during the late 19th century, European powers engaged in imperialism by colonizing parts of Asia and Africa.
Industrialization: The process of developing industries on a large scale. During the Meiji period, Japan underwent rapid industrialization, adopting Western technology and practices to become an industrial powerhouse.
Modernization: The process of adopting modern ways of life, including technological advancements, political reforms, and social changes. In the context of the Meiji period, Japan embraced modernization to catch up with the Western powers.