Renaissance: A cultural movement that began in Italy during the 14th century but spread throughout Europe during the mid-15th century, bringing about major advancements in art, literature, science, and critical thinking.
Age of Exploration: Refers to the era when European navigators embarked on voyages around the world in search of new trade routes and resources. This period overlapped with the mid-15th century.
Gutenberg's Printing Press: Invented during this time period (around 1450), Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized book production and had profound effects on European society as mentioned earlier.