Urbanization: Urbanization is the process of population growth in cities, usually resulting from migratory movements. It involves the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.
Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancements that led to significant changes in manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture. This revolution attracted many migrants seeking employment in newly emerging industries.
Colonialism: Colonialism refers to the establishment and maintenance of colonies by powerful countries over weaker ones. It often involved mass migrations of people from colonizing nations to colonized territories.