Self-Strengthening Movement: The Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt by Chinese officials during the late Qing Dynasty to adopt Western technology while preserving traditional Confucian values.
Open Door Policy: The Open Door Policy was proposed by the United States in 1899 as a means of ensuring equal trade access to China by all foreign powers, preventing the colonization or partitioning of China.
May Fourth Movement: The May Fourth Movement was a cultural and intellectual movement in China sparked by the dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. It advocated for modernization, nationalism, and rejecting traditional values.