The People's Republic of China (PRC) is the official name for the modern state of China, established in 1949 following the Chinese Civil War. It is a one-party socialist republic ruled by the Communist Party.
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Republic of China: This was the government that ruled mainland China before it lost to Communist forces in Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan.
One-Child Policy: A policy implemented by PRC from 1979 to 2015 which limited many families to have only one child as a means to control population growth.
Great Leap Forward: An economic and social campaign led by Communist Party between 1958-1962 aiming at rapidly transforming country from agrarian economy into socialist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization.