Indian Ocean trade network: The Indian Ocean trade network was a complex web of maritime trade routes connecting Africa, Asia, and Europe through which goods, ideas, and cultures were exchanged.
Colonization: Colonization is when one country establishes control or influence over another territory or people for economic or political purposes.
Monopoly: Monopoly refers to exclusive control or possession of something, like a product or market. In this context, it relates to Portugal's control over certain trade routes during their disruption in the Indian Ocean.