Protestant Reformation: A 16th-century movement led by Martin Luther that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of Protestant denominations.
Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, involving reforms within the church and efforts to regain followers who had converted to Protestantism.
Great Awakening: A religious revival movement that swept through British North America during the mid-18th century, emphasizing personal piety and emotional connection with God.