Rise of Nationalism: The rise of nationalism refers to an increase in pride and loyalty towards one's own nation or ethnic group. It often leads to shifts in international relations as nations assert their independence or pursue their own interests.
Decolonization: Decolonization is the process through which colonies gain independence from imperial powers. It was a significant shift in international relations as former colonies became sovereign nations.
Cold War: The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union (1947-1991), characterized by ideological conflict, proxy wars, and nuclear arms race. It represented another significant shift in international relations after World War II.