New World Crops: These were crops native to the Americas that were introduced to Europe and other parts of the world through The Colombian Exchange. Examples include corn, potatoes, tomatoes, and chocolate.
Old World Diseases: These were diseases like smallpox, measles, and influenza that were brought from Europe to the Americas during The Colombian Exchange. Native Americans had no immunity to these diseases, resulting in devastating epidemics.
Forced Labor Systems: As a consequence of The Colombian Exchange, Europeans established forced labor systems like encomienda and plantation slavery in the Americas. Native Americans were often subjected to harsh working conditions and exploitation under these systems.